工学 总论 释 top-down 自上而下 在规划的制定、实施过程中，规划及相关政策的执行者（政府）是主要的参与者，并集中关注在宏观层面决策和贯彻落实衔接的方式。
软件工程 释文 top-down 自顶向下
- information system of fishery disaster monitoring
- Information System of Freshwater Aquaculture Breeding
- information system of public security administration in hotel industry
- information system of shrimp cultivation
- information system of underground pipeline
- information system operation and maintenance accident management
- information system operation and maintenance change management
- information system operation and maintenance configuration management
- information system operation and maintenance event management
- information system operation and maintenance knowledge management
- information system operation and maintenance management system
- information system operation and maintenance outsourcing
- information system operation and maintenance outsourcing risk management
- information system operation and maintenance problem management
- information system operation and maintenance release management
- information system operation management
- information system operation management system
- information system outsourcing
- information system project change control
- information system project communication management
- information system project cost-based budgeting
- information system project cost management
- information system project cost management and control
- information system project demand collection
- information system project implementation